



02177nas a2200181   4500008004100000022001400041245009400055210006900149260001500218300001600233490000600249520163700255100001801892700001701910700001601927700001501943856003701958       2024                        eng d  a2475-142100aSimuQ: A Framework for Programming Quantum Hamiltonian Simulation with Analog Compilation0 aSimuQ A Framework for Programming Quantum Hamiltonian Simulation  c11/19/2023  a2425–24550 v83 a<p>Quantum Hamiltonian simulation, which simulates the evolution of quantum systems and probes quantum phenomena, is one of the most promising applications of quantum computing. Recent experimental results suggest that Hamiltonian-oriented analog quantum simulation would be advantageous over circuit-oriented digital quantum simulation in the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) machine era. However, programming analog quantum simulators is much more challenging due to the lack of a unified interface between hardware and software. In this paper, we design and implement SimuQ, the first framework for quantum Hamiltonian simulation that supports Hamiltonian programming and pulse-level compilation to heterogeneous analog quantum simulators. Specifically, in SimuQ, front-end users specify the target quantum system with Hamiltonian Modeling Language, and the Hamiltonian-level programmability of analog quantum simulators is specified through a new abstraction called the abstract analog instruction set (AAIS) and programmed in AAIS Specification Language by hardware providers. Through a solver-based compilation, SimuQ generates executable pulse schedules for real devices to simulate the evolution of desired quantum systems, which is demonstrated on superconducting (IBM), neutral-atom (QuEra), and trapped-ion (IonQ) quantum devices. Moreover, we demonstrate the advantages of exposing the Hamiltonian-level programmability of devices with native operations or interaction-based gates and establish a small benchmark of quantum simulation to evaluate SimuQ&#39;s compiler with the above analog quantum simulators.</p>1 aPeng, Yuxiang1 aYoung, Jacob1 aLiu, Pengyu1 aWu, Xiaodi  uhttps://arxiv.org/abs/2303.02775