@article {2637, title = {Critical Theory for the Breakdown of Photon Blockade}, year = {2020}, month = {6/9/2020}, abstract = {

Photon blockade is the result of the interplay between the quantized nature of light and strong optical nonlinearities, whereby strong photon-photon repulsion prevents a quantum optical system from absorbing multiple photons. We theoretically study a single atom coupled to the light field, described by the resonantly driven Jaynes--Cummings model, in which case the photon blockade breaks down in a second order phase transition at a critical drive strength. We show that this transition is associated to the spontaneous breaking of an anti-unitary PT-symmetry. Within a semiclassical approximation we calculate the expectation values of observables in the steady state. We then move beyond the semiclassical approximation and approach the critical point from the disordered (blockaded) phase by reducing the Lindblad quantum master equation to a classical rate equation that we solve. The width of the steady-state distribution in Fock space is found to diverge as we approach the critical point with a simple power-law, allowing us to calculate the critical scaling of steady state observables without invoking mean-field theory. We propose a simple physical toy model for biased diffusion in the space of occupation numbers, which captures the universal properties of the steady state. We list several experimental platforms where this phenomenon may be observed.

}, url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.05593}, author = {Jonathan B. Curtis and Igor Boettcher and Jeremy T. Young and Mohammad F. Maghrebi and Howard Carmichael and Alexey V. Gorshkov and Michael Foss-Feig} } @article {2363, title = {Non-equilibrium fixed points of coupled Ising models}, journal = {Phys. Rev. X }, volume = {10}, year = {2020}, month = {2/26/2020}, abstract = {

Driven-dissipative systems can exhibit non-equilibrium phenomena that are absent in their equilibrium counterparts. However, phase transitions present in these systems generically exhibit an effectively classical equilibrium behavior in spite of their quantum non-equilibrium origin. In this paper, we show that multicritical points in driven-dissipative systems can give rise to genuinely non-equilibrium behavior. We investigate a non-equilibrium driven-dissipative model of interacting bosons that exhibits two distinct phase transitions: one from a high- to a low-density phase---reminiscent of a liquid-gas transition---and another to an antiferromagnetic phase. Each phase transition is described by the Ising universality class characterized by an (emergent or microscopic) Z2 symmetry. They, however, coalesce at a multicritical point giving rise to a non-equilibrium model of coupled Ising-like order parameters described by a Z2\×Z2 symmetry. Using a dynamical renormalization-group approach, we show that a pair of non-equilibrium fixed points (NEFPs) emerge that govern the long-distance critical behavior of the system. We elucidate various exotic features of these NEFPs. In particular, we show that a generic continuous scale invariance at criticality is reduced to a discrete scale invariance. This further results in complex-valued critical exponents, spiraling phase boundaries, and a complex Liouvillian gap even close to the phase transition. As direct evidence of the non-equilibrium nature of the NEFPs, we show that the fluctuation-dissipation relation is violated at all scales, leading to an effective temperature that becomes \"hotter\" and \"hotter\" at longer and longer wavelengths. Finally, we argue that this non-equilibrium behavior can be observed in cavity arrays with cross-Kerr nonlinearities.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.10.011039}, url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/1903.02569}, author = {Jeremy T. Young and Alexey V. Gorshkov and Michael Foss-Feig and Mohammad F. Maghrebi} } @article {2496, title = {On the nature of the non-equilibrium phase transition in the non-Markovian driven Dicke model}, year = {2019}, month = {2019/10/9}, abstract = {

The Dicke model famously exhibits a phase transition to a superradiant phase with a macroscopic population of photons and is realized in multiple settings in open quantum systems. In this work, we study a variant of the Dicke model where the cavity mode is lossy due to the coupling to a Markovian environment while the atomic mode is coupled to a colored bath. We analytically investigate this model by inspecting its low-frequency behavior via the Schwinger-Keldysh field theory and carefully examine the nature of the corresponding superradiant phase transition. Integrating out the fast modes, we can identify a simple effective theory allowing us to derive analytical expressions for various critical exponents, including those, such as the dynamical critical exponent, that have not been previously considered. We find excellent agreement with previous numerical results when the non-Markovian bath is at zero temperature; however, contrary to these studies, our low-frequency approach reveals that the same exponents govern the critical behavior when the colored bath is at finite temperature unless the chemical potential is zero. Furthermore, we show that the superradiant phase transition is classical in nature, while it is genuinely non-equilibrium. We derive a fractional Langevin equation and conjecture the associated fractional Fokker-Planck equation that capture the system\&$\#$39;s long-time memory as well as its non-equilibrium behavior. Finally, we consider finite-size effects at the phase transition and identify the finite-size scaling exponents, unlocking a rich behavior in both statics and dynamics of the photonic and atomic observables.

}, url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.04319}, author = {Rex Lundgren and Alexey V. Gorshkov and Mohammad F. Maghrebi} } @article {1814, title = {Correlated Photon Dynamics in Dissipative Rydberg Media}, journal = {Physical Review Letters}, volume = {119}, year = {2017}, month = {2017/07/26}, pages = {043602}, abstract = {

Rydberg blockade physics in optically dense atomic media under the conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) leads to strong dissipative interactions between single photons. We introduce a new approach to analyzing this challenging many-body problem in the limit of large optical depth per blockade radius. In our approach, we separate the single-polariton EIT physics from Rydberg-Rydberg interactions in a serialized manner while using a hard-sphere model for the latter, thus capturing the dualistic particle-wave nature of light as it manifests itself in dissipative Rydberg-EIT media. Using this approach, we analyze the saturation behavior of the transmission through one-dimensional Rydberg-EIT media in the regime of non-perturbative dissipative interactions relevant to current experiments. Our model is in good agreement with experimental data. We also analyze a scheme for generating regular trains of single photons from continuous-wave input and derive its scaling behavior in the presence of imperfect single-photon EIT.

}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.043602}, url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/1608.06068}, author = {Emil Zeuthen and Michael Gullans and Mohammad F. Maghrebi and Alexey V. Gorshkov} } @article {1906, title = {Emergent equilibrium in many-body optical bistability}, journal = {Physical Review A}, volume = {95}, year = {2017}, month = {2017/04/17}, pages = {043826}, abstract = {

Many-body systems constructed of quantum-optical building blocks can now be realized in experimental platforms ranging from exciton-polariton fluids to ultracold gases of Rydberg atoms, establishing a fascinating interface between traditional many-body physics and the driven-dissipative, non-equilibrium setting of cavity-QED. At this interface, the standard techniques and intuitions of both fields are called into question, obscuring issues as fundamental as the role of fluctuations, dimensionality, and symmetry on the nature of collective behavior and phase transitions. Here, we study the driven-dissipative Bose-Hubbard model, a minimal description of numerous atomic, optical, and solid-state systems in which particle loss is countered by coherent driving. Despite being a lattice version of optical bistability---a foundational and patently non-equilibrium model of cavity-QED---the steady state possesses an emergent equilibrium description in terms of a classical Ising model. We establish this picture by identifying a limit in which the quantum dynamics is asymptotically equivalent to non-equilibrium Langevin equations, which support a phase transition described by model A of the Hohenberg-Halperin classification. Numerical simulations of the Langevin equations corroborate this picture, producing results consistent with the behavior of a finite-temperature Ising model.

}, doi = {doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.95.043826}, url = {https://journals.aps.org/pra/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevA.95.043826}, author = {Michael Foss-Feig and Pradeep Niroula and Jeremy T. Young and Mohammad Hafezi and Alexey V. Gorshkov and Ryan M. Wilson and Mohammad F. Maghrebi} } @article {1835, title = {Multicritical behavior in dissipative {I}sing models}, journal = {Physical Review A}, volume = {95}, year = {2017}, month = {2017/04/26}, pages = {042133}, abstract = {

We analyze theoretically the many-body dynamics of a dissipative Ising model in a transverse field using a variational approach. We find that the steady state phase diagram is substantially modified compared to its equilibrium counterpart, including the appearance of a multicritical point belonging to a different universality class. Building on our variational analysis, we establish a field-theoretical treatment corresponding to a dissipative variant of a Ginzburg-Landau theory, which allows us to compute the upper critical dimension of the system. Finally, we present a possible experimental realization of the dissipative Ising model using ultracold Rydberg gases.

}, doi = {doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.95.042133}, url = {https://journals.aps.org/pra/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevA.95.042133}, author = {Vincent R. Overbeck and Mohammad F. Maghrebi and Alexey V. Gorshkov and Hendrik Weimer} } @article {2003, title = {A solvable family of driven-dissipative many-body systems}, journal = {Physical Review Letters}, volume = {119}, year = {2017}, month = {2017/11/10}, abstract = {

Exactly solvable models have played an important role in establishing the sophisticated modern understanding of equilibrium many-body physics. And conversely, the relative scarcity of solutions for non-equilibrium models greatly limits our understanding of systems away from thermal equilibrium. We study a family of nonequilibrium models, some of which can be viewed as dissipative analogues of the transverse-field Ising model, in that an effectively classical Hamiltonian is frustrated by dissipative processes that drive the system toward states that do not commute with the Hamiltonian. Surprisingly, a broad and experimentally relevant subset of these models can be solved efficiently in any number of spatial dimensions. We leverage these solutions to prove a no-go theorem on steady-state phase transitions in a many-body model that can be realized naturally with Rydberg atoms or trapped ions, and to compute the effects of decoherence on a canonical trapped-ion-based quantum computation architecture.

}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.190402}, url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/1703.04626}, author = {Michael Foss-Feig and Jeremy T. Young and Victor V. Albert and Alexey V. Gorshkov and Mohammad F. Maghrebi} } @article {1960, title = {Causality and quantum criticality in long-range lattice models}, journal = {Physical Review B}, volume = {93}, year = {2016}, month = {2016/03/17}, pages = {125128}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevB.93.125128}, url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.93.125128}, author = {Mohammad F. Maghrebi and Zhe-Xuan Gong and Michael Foss-Feig and Alexey V. Gorshkov} } @article {1179, title = {Causality and quantum criticality with long-range interactions}, journal = {Physical Review B}, volume = {92}, year = {2016}, month = {2016/03/17}, pages = {125128}, abstract = { Quantum lattice systems with long-range interactions often exhibit drastically different behavior than their short-range counterparts. In particular, because they do not satisfy the conditions for the Lieb-Robinson theorem, they need not have an emergent relativistic structure in the form of a light cone. Adopting a field-theoretic approach, we study the one-dimensional transverse-field Ising model and a fermionic model with long-range interactions, explore their critical and near-critical behavior, and characterize their response to local perturbations. We deduce the dynamic critical exponent, up to the two-loop order within the renormalization group theory, which we then use to characterize the emergent causal behavior. We show that beyond a critical value of the power-law exponent of long-range interactions, the dynamics effectively becomes relativistic. Various other critical exponents describing correlations in the ground state, as well as deviations from a linear causal cone, are deduced for a wide range of the power-law exponent. }, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevB.93.125128}, url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1508.00906}, author = {Mohammad F. Maghrebi and Zhe-Xuan Gong and Michael Foss-Feig and Alexey V. Gorshkov} } @article {1527, title = {Flight of a heavy particle nonlinearly coupled to a quantum bath}, journal = {Physical Review B}, volume = {93}, year = {2016}, month = {2016/01/28}, pages = {014309}, abstract = { Fluctuation and dissipation are by-products of coupling to the {\textquoteleft}environment.{\textquoteright} The Caldeira-Leggett model, a successful paradigm of quantum Brownian motion, views the environment as a collection of harmonic oscillators linearly coupled to the system. However, symmetry considerations may forbid a linear coupling, e.g. for a neutral particle in quantum electrodynamics. We argue that nonlinear couplings can lead to a fundamentally different behavior. Specifically, we consider a heavy particle quadratically coupled to quantum fluctuations of the bath. In one dimension the particle undergoes anomalous diffusion, unfolding as a power-law distribution in space, reminiscent of L\'{e}vy flights. We suggest condensed matter analogs where similar effects may arise. }, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevB.93.014309}, url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1508.00582}, author = {Mohammad F. Maghrebi and Matthias Kr{\"u}ger and Mehran Kardar} } @article {1695, title = {Kaleidoscope of quantum phases in a long-range interacting spin-1 chain}, journal = {Physical Review B}, volume = {93}, year = {2016}, month = {2016/05/11}, pages = {205115}, abstract = {Motivated by recent trapped-ion quantum simulation experiments, we carry out a comprehensive study of the phase diagram of a spin-1 chain with XXZ-type interactions that decay as 1/rα, using a combination of finite and infinite-size DMRG calculations, spin-wave analysis, and field theory. In the absence of long-range interactions, varying the spin-coupling anisotropy leads to four distinct phases: a ferromagnetic Ising phase, a disordered XY phase, a topological Haldane phase, and an antiferromagnetic Ising phase. If long-range interactions are antiferromagnetic and thus frustrated, we find primarily a quantitative change of the phase boundaries. On the other hand, ferromagnetic (non-frustrated) long-range interactions qualitatively impact the entire phase diagram. Importantly, for α≲3, long-range interactions destroy the Haldane phase, break the conformal symmetry of the XY phase, give rise to a new phase that spontaneously breaks a U(1) continuous symmetry, and introduce an exotic tricritical point with no direct parallel in short-range interacting spin chains. We show that the main signatures of all five phases found could be observed experimentally in the near future. }, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.93.205115}, url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1510.02108}, author = {Zhe-Xuan Gong and Mohammad F. Maghrebi and Anzi Hu and Michael Foss-Feig and Philip Richerme and Christopher Monroe and Alexey V. Gorshkov} } @article {1162, title = {Nonequilibrium many-body steady states via Keldysh formalism}, journal = {Physical Review B}, volume = {93}, year = {2016}, month = {2016/01/27}, pages = {014307}, abstract = { Many-body systems with both coherent dynamics and dissipation constitute a rich class of models which are nevertheless much less explored than their dissipationless counterparts. The advent of numerous experimental platforms that simulate such dynamics poses an immediate challenge to systematically understand and classify these models. In particular, nontrivial many-body states emerge as steady states under non-equilibrium dynamics. While these states and their phase transitions have been studied extensively with mean field theory, the validity of the mean field approximation has not been systematically investigated. In this paper, we employ a field-theoretic approach based on the Keldysh formalism to study nonequilibrium phases and phase transitions in a variety of models. In all cases, a complete description via the Keldysh formalism indicates a partial or complete failure of the mean field analysis. Furthermore, we find that an effective temperature emerges as a result of dissipation, and the universal behavior including the dynamics near the steady state is generically described by a thermodynamic universality class. }, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevB.93.014307}, url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1507.01939}, author = {Mohammad F. Maghrebi and Alexey V. Gorshkov} } @article {1191, title = {Topological phases with long-range interactions}, journal = {Physical Review B}, volume = {93}, year = {2016}, month = {2016/01/08}, pages = {041102}, abstract = { Topological phases of matter are primarily studied in quantum many-body systems with short-range interactions. Whether various topological phases can survive in the presence of long-range interactions, however, is largely unknown. Here we show that a paradigmatic example of a symmetry-protected topological phase, the Haldane phase of an antiferromagnetic spin-1 chain, surprisingly remains intact in the presence of arbitrarily slowly decaying power-law interactions. The influence of long-range interactions on the topological order is largely quantitative, and we expect similar results for more general systems. Our conclusions are based on large-scale matrix-product-state simulations and two complementary effective-field-theory calculations. The striking agreement between the numerical and analytical results rules out finite-size effects. The topological phase considered here should be experimentally observable in a recently developed trapped-ion quantum simulator. }, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevB.93.041102}, url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1505.03146}, author = {Zhe-Xuan Gong and Mohammad F. Maghrebi and Anzi Hu and Michael L. Wall and Michael Foss-Feig and Alexey V. Gorshkov} } @article {1696, title = {Continuous symmetry breaking and a new universality class in 1D long-range interacting quantum systems}, year = {2015}, month = {2015/10/05}, abstract = {Continuous symmetry breaking (CSB) in low-dimensional systems, forbidden by the Mermin-Wagner theorem for short-range interactions, may take place in the presence of slowly decaying long-range interactions. Nevertheless, there is no stringent bound on how slowly interactions should decay to give rise to CSB in 1D quantum systems at zero temperature. Here, we study a long-range interacting spin chain with U(1) symmetry and power-law interactions V(r)\~{}1/rα, directly relevant to ion-trap experiments. Using bosonization and renormalization group theory, we find CSB for α smaller than a critical exponent αc(<=3) depending on the microscopic parameters of the model. Furthermore, the transition from the gapless XY phase to the gapless CSB phase is mediated by the breaking of conformal symmetry due to long-range interactions, and is described by a new universality class akin to the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition. Our analytical findings are in good agreement with a numerical calculation. Signatures of the CSB phase should be accessible in existing trapped-ion experiments.}, url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1510.01325}, author = {Mohammad F. Maghrebi and Zhe-Xuan Gong and Alexey V. Gorshkov} } @article {1507, title = {Coulomb bound states of strongly interacting photons}, journal = {Physical Review Letters}, volume = {115}, year = {2015}, month = {2015/09/16}, pages = {123601}, abstract = { We show that two photons coupled to Rydberg states via electromagnetically induced transparency can interact via an effective Coulomb potential. This interaction gives rise to a continuum of two-body bound states. Within the continuum, metastable bound states are distinguished in analogy with quasi-bound states tunneling through a potential barrier. We find multiple branches of metastable bound states whose energy spectrum is governed by the Coulomb potential, thus obtaining a photonic analogue of the hydrogen atom. Under certain conditions, the wavefunction resembles that of a diatomic molecule in which the two polaritons are separated by a finite "bond length." These states propagate with a negative group velocity in the medium, allowing for a simple preparation and detection scheme, before they slowly decay to pairs of bound Rydberg atoms. }, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.123601}, url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1505.03859v1}, author = {Mohammad F. Maghrebi and Michael Gullans and P. Bienias and S. Choi and I. Martin and O. Firstenberg and M. D. Lukin and H. P. B{\"u}chler and Alexey V. Gorshkov} } @article {1526, title = {Entanglement entropy of dispersive media from thermodynamic entropy in one higher dimension}, journal = {Physical Review Letters}, volume = {114}, year = {2015}, month = {2015/04/16}, pages = {151602}, abstract = { A dispersive medium becomes entangled with zero-point fluctuations in the vacuum. We consider an arbitrary array of material bodies weakly interacting with a quantum field and compute the quantum mutual information between them. It is shown that the mutual information in D dimensions can be mapped to classical thermodynamic entropy in D+1 dimensions. As a specific example, we compute the mutual information both analytically and numerically for a range of separation distances between two bodies in D=2 dimensions and find a logarithmic correction to the area law at short separations. A key advantage of our method is that it allows the strong subadditivity property---notoriously difficult to prove for quantum systems---to be easily verified. }, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.151602}, url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1412.5613v2}, author = {Mohammad F. Maghrebi and Homer Reid} } @article {1188, title = {Fractional Quantum Hall States of Rydberg Polaritons}, journal = {Physical Review A}, volume = {91}, year = {2015}, month = {2015/03/31}, pages = {033838}, abstract = { We propose a scheme for realizing fractional quantum Hall states of light. In our scheme, photons of two polarizations are coupled to different atomic Rydberg states to form two flavors of Rydberg polaritons that behave as an effective spin. An array of optical cavity modes overlapping with the atomic cloud enables the realization of an effective spin-1/2 lattice. We show that the dipolar interaction between such polaritons, inherited from the Rydberg states, can be exploited to create a flat, topological band for a single spin-flip excitation. At half filling, this gives rise to a photonic (or polaritonic) fractional Chern insulator -- a lattice-based, fractional quantum Hall state of light. }, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevA.91.033838}, url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1411.6624v1}, author = {Mohammad F. Maghrebi and Norman Y. Yao and Mohammad Hafezi and Thomas Pohl and Ofer Firstenberg and Alexey V. Gorshkov} } @article {1189, title = {Parafermionic zero modes in ultracold bosonic systems}, journal = {Physical Review Letters}, volume = {115}, year = {2015}, month = {2015/08/06}, pages = {065301}, abstract = { Exotic topologically protected zero modes with parafermionic statistics (also called fractionalized Majorana modes) have been proposed to emerge in devices fabricated from a fractional quantum Hall system and a superconductor. The fractionalized statistics of these modes takes them an important step beyond the simplest non-Abelian anyons, Majorana fermions. Building on recent advances towards the realization of fractional quantum Hall states of bosonic ultracold atoms, we propose a realization of parafermions in a system consisting of Bose-Einstein-condensate trenches within a bosonic fractional quantum Hall state. We show that parafermionic zero modes emerge at the endpoints of the trenches and give rise to a topologically protected degeneracy. We also discuss methods for preparing and detecting these modes. }, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.065301}, url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1504.04012v2}, author = {Mohammad F. Maghrebi and Sriram Ganeshan and David J. Clarke and Alexey V. Gorshkov and Jay D. Sau} } @article {1530, title = {Nonequilibrium quantum fluctuations of a dispersive medium: Spontaneous emission, photon statistics, entropy generation, and stochastic motion }, journal = {Physical Review A}, volume = {90}, year = {2014}, month = {2014/7/16}, abstract = { We study the implications of quantum fluctuations of a dispersive medium, under steady rotation, either in or out of thermal equilibrium with its environment. A rotating object exhibits a quantum instability by dissipating its mechanical motion via spontaneous emission of photons, as well as internal heat generation. Universal relations are derived for the radiated energy and angular momentum as trace formulas involving the object{\textquoteright}s scattering matrix. We also compute the quantum noise by deriving the full statistics of the radiated photons out of thermal and/or dynamic equilibrium. The (entanglement) entropy generation is quantified, and the total entropy is shown to be always increasing. Furthermore, we derive a Fokker-Planck equation governing the stochastic angular motion resulting from the fluctuating back-reaction frictional torque. As a result, we find a quantum limit on the uncertainty of the object{\textquoteright}s angular velocity in steady rotation. Finally, we show in some detail that a rotating object drags nearby objects, making them spin parallel to its axis of rotation. A scalar toy model is introduced in the first part to simplify the technicalities and ease the conceptual complexities; a detailed discussion of quantum electrodynamics is presented in the second part. }, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevA.90.012515}, url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1401.0701v1}, author = {Mohammad F. Maghrebi and Robert L. Jaffe and Mehran Kardar} } @article {1506, title = {Scattering resonances and bound states for strongly interacting Rydberg polaritons }, journal = {Physical Review A}, volume = {90}, year = {2014}, month = {2014/11/3}, abstract = { We provide a theoretical framework describing slow-light polaritons interacting via atomic Rydberg states. We use a diagrammatic method to analytically derive the scattering properties of two polaritons. We identify parameter regimes where polariton-polariton interactions are repulsive. Furthermore, in the regime of attractive interactions, we identify multiple two-polariton bound states, calculate their dispersion, and study the resulting scattering resonances. Finally, the two-particle scattering properties allow us to derive the effective low-energy many-body Hamiltonian. This theoretical platform is applicable to ongoing experiments. }, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevA.90.053804}, url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1402.7333v1}, author = {P. Bienias and S. Choi and O. Firstenberg and Mohammad F. Maghrebi and Michael Gullans and M. D. Lukin and Alexey V. Gorshkov and H. P. B{\"u}chler} } @article {1522, title = {Quantum Cherenkov Radiation and Non-contact Friction}, journal = {Physical Review A}, volume = {88}, year = {2013}, month = {2013/10/21}, abstract = { We present a number of arguments to demonstrate that a quantum analog of Cherenkov effect occurs when two dispersive objects are in relative motion. Specifically we show that two semi-infinite plates experience friction beyond a threshold velocity which, in their center-of-mass frame, is the phase speed of light within their medium. The loss in mechanical energy is radiated away through the plates before getting fully absorbed in the form of heat. By deriving various correlation functions inside and outside the two plates, we explicitly compute the radiation, and discuss its dependence on the reference frame. }, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevA.88.042509}, url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1304.4909v2}, author = {Mohammad F. Maghrebi and Ramin Golestanian and Mehran Kardar} } @article {1525, title = {A Scattering Approach to the Dynamical Casimir Effect}, journal = {Physical Review D}, volume = {87}, year = {2013}, month = {2013/1/7}, abstract = { We develop a unified scattering approach to dynamical Casimir problems which can be applied to both accelerating boundaries, as well as dispersive objects in relative motion. A general (trace) formula is derived for the radiation from accelerating boundaries. Applications are provided for objects with different shapes in various dimensions, and undergoing rotational or linear motion. Within this framework, photon generation is discussed in the context of a modulated optical mirror. For dispersive objects, we find general results solely in terms of the scattering matrix. Specifically, we discuss the vacuum friction on a rotating object, and the friction on an atom moving parallel to a surface. }, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevD.87.025016}, url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1210.1842v2}, author = {Mohammad F. Maghrebi and Ramin Golestanian and Mehran Kardar} } @article {1524, title = {Polymer-mediated entropic forces between scale-free objects}, journal = {Physical Review E}, volume = {86}, year = {2012}, month = {2012/12/3}, abstract = { The number of configurations of a polymer is reduced in the presence of a barrier or an obstacle. The resulting loss of entropy adds a repulsive component to other forces generated by interaction potentials. When the obstructions are scale invariant shapes (such as cones, wedges, lines or planes) the only relevant length scales are the polymer size R_0 and characteristic separations, severely constraining the functional form of entropic forces. Specifically, we consider a polymer (single strand or star) attached to the tip of a cone, at a separation h from a surface (or another cone). At close proximity, such that h<